Comparative study of leaf morphology, phytochemical, mineral and proximate analysis of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) and its stable mutant

Resumo

Differences in terms of morphology, phytochemical,
mineral and proximate compositions created as a result of a natural
spontaneous mutation that produced a stable bud-sport on the
vegetative parent body of a member of the Euphorbiacea Family
Codiaeum variegatum cv. ovalifolium was compared. Morphological
characterization of the leaves was done by leaf skeletonization,
proximate and mineral analyzes were carried out by method of
Association of Official Analytical Chemists while the phytochemical
screening was carried out on 80% methanol extracts of the leaves
using standard methods. From the results of the morphological
characteristics, the mutant showed more vegetative vigor than the
parent plant. Results of phytochemical screening showed that; while
flavonoid was absent in both, cardiac glycosides and tannins were
highly present in the parent but slightly present in the mutant. For
both mutant and the parent, calcium had the highest concentration.
Copper was absent in the parent while it occurred at the lowest
concentration in the mutant. Also, the concentrations of magnesium,
potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc were higher in the parent plant.
Results of proximate composition of the plants showed that both
mutant and the parent plant have high nutritive values. Conclusively,
the morphological characters of the mutant were shown to distinctly
differ from those of the parent plant. Also, both the mutant and its
parent plant showed considerably good amount of important
phytochemicals, minerals and proximate compositions, making them
good prospects for food and medicine.

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