Resumo
Tubers of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze
(Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae) play an important role in food
substitution during the periods of food shortage in occidental and
central Africa. It is also used in traditional medicine for the
treatment of the diarrhea, dysentery, stomach evil, viral hepatitis and
the infection of guinea worn. This study attempted to evaluate the
antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic properties of aqueous extracts
of the tubers of T. leontopetaloides in rats. For this experimentation,
two tests were done: antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic tests.
Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats with High Fat Diet containing
300 g of egg yolk, 2 g of cholesterol, 250 g of coconut oil and 50 g
of soya oil. The group of rats on which the antihyperlipidemic test
was done was fed with High Fat Diet and supplemented with
T. leontopetaloides aqueous extract at 27.34 mg/kg, and 54.68
mg/kg; after 21 days of experimentation, the different groups of rats
were sacrificed. The lipid profile and some biochemical parameters
were evaluated. Organs like kidneys, liver and stomach were taken
for histopathological evaluation. For the hypolipidemic test, after
three weeks of induction of hyperlipidemia, the diet was changed to
normal diet and aqueous extract of tubers was given to rats during
21 days at doses of 3.41 mg/kg and 13.67 mg/kg. The animals were
sacrificed after 21 days of experimentation. The lipid profile, some
biochemical parameters and histopathology of organs were
evaluated. The antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic tests of
aqueous extract of the tubers of T. leontopetaloides induced
reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and an
increase in HDL-cholesterol significantly (p < 0.05); decreasing
activities of ALAT and ASAT enzymes, levels of creatinin remained
no changed. Histopathological study revealed that extracts did not
repair the destructions of liver cells and glomerules of kidneys
caused by High Fat Diet. Aqueous extract of tubers of
T. leontopetaloides exhibits antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic
activities; hence it could be important in the management of
cardiovascular diseases.
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