Efficacy and Safety Study of Medicinal Cannabis in Migraine: a Literature Review

Resumo

Migraine is a multifactorial disease that affects adults aged 22 to 55 years; the most common symptoms are severe to moderate, unilateral, pulsating pain. It may or may not be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. In addition, these symptoms persist for 4 to 42 hours. Currently, the search for alternative therapies for the management of migraine pain, such as the use of medicinal cannabis, has grown due to the undesirable side effects of conventional therapy and due to the legalization of medicinal cannabis in the United States. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a literature review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of medicinal cannabis, that is, medicinal marijuana as an alternative treatment for migraine. The methodology used in this research was an exploratory search for narrative review and systematic review articles through the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS Salud), Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The following keywords were used to conduct these searches: adults, migraine, efficacy, safety and medicinal cannabis. The results obtained by research were that treatment with medicinal cannabis helped in the reduction and frequency of migraine attacks, and its adverse effects were drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, cough, dry mouth, dry eyes, anxiety and feeling of imbalance. It is concluded that the use of medicinal cannabis for the treatment of migraine can be effective and safe; however, more clinical studies are still needed. It was observed in the studies listed in this review that the adverse effects of medicinal cannabis are mild and tolerable by patients.

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