An ex situ and in vitro approach to delineate pennate diatom species with bioindicator potentials in a well mixed tropical estuarine ecosystem

Resumen

An experiment was performed on selected pennate diatom
species collected from the well mixed waters of the Hooghly Estuary
with the aim of distinguishing the ones with qualities to be employed
as monitors of their ecosystem. The Hooghly Estuary is enriched
with domestic, sewage and agricultural effluents and coastal
upwelling along with tide-mediated advective circulation from the
mangrove forests ensure concomitant nutrient pool replenishment in
this ecoregion. There have been several attempts to establish certain
centric diatom species as bioindicators in various parts of the world
owing to their better responsiveness to sudden shifts in
stoichiometry but hardly any with pennate diatoms. Pennate diatoms
are typical benthic mat formers in the intertidal regions, on
submerged surfaces and thus bear greater feasibility to be employed
as accurate pointers to long term deviations in their respective
ecosystems, in spite of the greater sensitivity of the centric diatoms.
The study was carried out in laboratory controlled environment to
minimize the interference from other extrinsic factors compromising
the outcome and also due to the fact that such studies to be
performed in natural conditions require a decent financial support
and time to conclusively arrive upon the objectives. From the
present endeavour it was inferred that Nitzschia sigmoidea,
Pleurosigma angulatum and Ulnaria oxyrhyncus (formerly Synedra
ulna var. oxyrhyncus) stood a good chance of being recruited as
bioindicators to eutrophic well mixed estuaries, similar to the one
they had been sampled from. 

Citas

1. Al-Kandari, M.; Al-Yamani, F. Y.; Al-Rifaie,
2. K. Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait’s
3. Waters. Kuwait: Kuwait Institute for Scientific
4. Research, 2009.
5. Daufresne, M.; Lengfellner, K.; Sommer, U.
6. Global warming benefits the small in aquatic
7. ecosystems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
8. v. 106,
9. p. 12788-12793,
10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902080106
11. Desikachary, T. V. Atlas of diatoms. Madras:
12. Madras Science Foundation, 1986-1989. (v. 1-6,
13. plates).
14. DiTullilo, G. R.; Hutchins, D. A.; Bruland,
15. K. W. Interaction of iron and major nutrients
16. controls phytoplankton growth and species
17. composition in the tropical North Pacific Ocean.
18. Limnol. Oceanogr., v. 38, no. 3, p. 495-508,
19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.3.0495
20. Dugdale, R. C.; Goering, J. J. Uptake of new
21. and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary
22. productivity.
23. Limnol. Oceanogr., v. 12,
24. p. 196-206,
25. lo.1967.12.2.0196
26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/
27. Dugdale, R. C.; Wilkerson, F. P.; Barber, R. T.;
28. Chavez, F. P. Estimating new production in the
29. equatorial Pacific Ocean at 150° W. J. Geophys
30. Res.,
31. v. 97,
32. no. C1, p. 681-686, 1992.
33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91JC01533
34. Gagneux-Moreaux, S.; Moreau, C.; Gonzalez,
35. J. L.; Cosson, R. P. Diatom artificial medium
36. (DAM): a new artificial medium for the diatom
37. Haslea ostrearia and other marine microalgae.
38. J. Phycol., v. 19, no. 5, p. 549-556, 2007.
39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9169-4
40. Grasshoff, K.; Ehrhardt, M.; Kremling, K.
41. Methods of seawater analysis. In: Grasshoff, K.;
42. Ehrhardt, M.; Kremling, K. (Eds). Das
43. Verlagsprogramm umfasst die Bereiche Chemie
44. GmbH, 1983.
45. Graziano, L. M.; La Roche, J.; Geider, R. J.
46. Physiological response to phosphorus limitation
47. in batch and steady-state cultures of Dunaliella
48. tertiolecta (Chlorophyta): a unique stress
49. protein as an indicator of phosphate deficiency.
50. J. Phycol., v. 32, no. 5, p. 825-838, 1996.
51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.
52. x
53. Hasle, G. R.; Syvertsen, E. R. Marine diatoms.
54. In: Tomas, C. R. (Ed.). Identifying marine
55. phytoplankton. London: Academic Press,
56. p. 5-385.
57. Hecky, R. E.; Kilham, P. Nutrient limitation of
58. phytoplankton in freshwater and marine
59. environments: a review of recent evidence on
60. the effects of enrichment. Limnol. Oceanogr.,
61. v. 33,
62. no. 4,
63. pt. 2,
64. p. 796-822,
65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.4part2.0796
66. Hotzel, G.; Croome, R. A. Phytoplankton
67. methods manual for Australian freshwaters.
68. Australia: Land and Water Resources Research
69. and Development Corporation, 1999.
70. Kolkwitz, R.; Marsson, M. Ecology of plant
71. saprobia. In: Keup, L. E.; Ingram, W. M.;
72. Mackenthun, K. M. (Eds.). Biology of water
73. pollution. Washington: Federal Water Pollution
74. Control Administration, 1908. p. 47-52.
75. Lange-Bertalot, H. Pollution tolerance of
76. diatoms as a criterion for water quality
77. Braz. J. Biol. Sci., 2016, v. 3, no. 6, p. 299-317.
78. An ex situ and in vitro approach to delineate pennate diatom species
79. estimation. Beih. Nova Hedwigia, v. 64, no. 1,
80. p. 285-304, 1979.
81. Martin, J. H. ; Coale, K. H.; Johnson, K. S.;
82. Fitzwater, S. E.; Gordon, R. M.; Tanner, S. J.;
83. Hunter, C. N.; Elrod, V. A.; Nowicki, J. L.;
84. Coley, T. L.; Barber, R. T.; Lindley, S.; Watson,
85. A. J.; Van Scoy, K.; Law, C. S.; Liddicoat,
86. M. I.; Ling, R.; Stanton, T.; Stockel, J.; Collins,
87. C.; Anderson, A.; Bidigare, R.; Ondrusek, M.;
88. Latasa, M.; Millero, F. J.; Lee, K.; Yao, W.;
89. Zhang, J. Z.; Friederich, G.; Sakamoto, C.;
90. Chavez, F.; Buck, K.; Kolber, Z.; Greene, R.;
91. Falkowski, P.; Chishol, S. W.; Hoge, F.; Swift,
92. R.; Yungel, J.; Turner, S.; Nightingale, P.;
93. Hatton, A.; Liss, P.; Tindale, N. W. Testing the
94. iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the Equatorial
95. Pacific Ocean. Nature, v. 371, p. 123-129,
96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371123a0
97. Morel, F. M. M. Kinetics of nutrient uptake and
98. growth in phytoplankton. J. Phycol., v. 23,
99. p. 137–150, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/
100. j.1529-8817.1987.tb04436.x
101. Mukherjee, A.; De, M.; Maiti, T. K.; De, T. K.
102. Use of dominant centric diatoms of well mixed
103. tropical estuaries as indicators to nutrient rich
104. environments. Int. J. Adv. Lif. Sci., v. 7, no. 2,
105. p. 329-337,
106. Available
107. from:
108. <http://www.unitedlifejournals.com/ijals/view
109. pdf.php?id=201>. Accessed in: Mar. 16, 2016.
110. Mukherjee, A.; Das, S.; Chakraborty, S.; De,
111. T. K. Laboratory experiment reveals some key
112. factors behind auxospore induction in two
113. ubiquitous centric diatoms of Hooghly Estuary,
114. Bay of Bengal, India. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci.,
115. v. 3, no. 3, p. 94-104, 2015. Available from:
116. <http://www.ijpab.com/form/2015 Volume 3,
117. issue 3/IJPAB-2015-3-3-94-104.pdf>. Accessed
118. on: Mar. 16, 2016.
119. Mukherjee, A.; Das, S.; Chakraborty, S.; De,
120. T. K. Study on mangrove associated estuarine
121. waters of Northeastern Bay of Bengal reveals
122. potential diatom indicators of dissolved
123. inorganic compounds. Braz. J. Biol. Sci., v. 2,
124. n. 3,
125. p. 155-168,
126. 21472/bjbs.020316
127. http://dx.doi.org/
128. Mukhopadhyay, S. K.; Biswas, H.; De, T. K.;
129. Jana, T. K. Fluxes of nutrients from the tropical
130. River Hoogly at the land-ocean boundary of
131. Sundarban, NE coast of Bay of Bengal, India.
132. J. Mar. Syst., v. 62, no. 1/2, p 9-21, 2006.
133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.004
134. Patrick, R.; Strawbridge, D. Variation in the
135. structure of natural diatom communities. Am.
136. Nat., v. 97, p. 51-57, 1963. Available from:
137. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2458369>.
138. Accessed in: Mar. 16, 2016.
139. Poulíčková, A.; Duchoslav, M.; Dokulil, M.
140. Littoral diatom assemblages as indicators of
141. lake trophic status: a case study from perialpine
142. lakes in Austria. Eur. J. Phycol., v. 39, p. 143
143. , 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670260
144. Price, N. M.; Ahner, B. A.; Morel, F. M. M. The
145. Equatorial Pacific Ocean: grazer-controlled
146. phytoplankton populations in an iron-limited
147. ecosystem. Limnol. Oceanogr., v. 39, no. 3,
148. p. 520-539, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/
149. lo.1994.39.3.0520
150. Redfield, A. C.; Ketchum, B. H.; Richards,
151. F. A. The influence of organisms on the
152. composition of seawater. In: Hill, M. N. (Ed.).
153. The composition of seawater: comparative and
154. descriptive oceanography. The sea: ideas and
155. observations on progress in the study of the
156. seas. 2. ed. New York: Wiley Interscience,
157. p. 26-77.
158. Smith, S. V.; Atkinson, M. J. Phosphorus
159. limitation of net production in a confined
160. aquatic ecosystem. Nature, v. 307, p. 626-627,
161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307626a0
162. Strickland, J. D. H.; Parsons, T. R. A practical
163. handbook of seawater analysis. Fish Res.
164. Board Canada, 1968.
165. Sun, J.; Liu, D. Geometric models for
166. calculating cell biovolume and surface area for
167. phytoplankton. J. Plankton Res., v. 25, no. 11,
168. p. 1331-1346, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/
169. plankt/fbg096
170. Timmermans, K. R. Growth rates of large and
171. small Southern Ocean diatoms in relation to
172. availability of iron in natural seawater. Limnol.
173. Oceanogr.,
174. v. 46,
175. p. 260-266,
176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0260
177. UNESCO. Convention Concerning the
178. Protection of the World Cultural and
179. Natural Heritage. Paris: UNESCO, 1999.
180. Available
181. from:
182. <http://whc.unesco.org/
183. archive/1999/whc-99-conf204-15e.pdf>.
184. Accessed on: Mar. 16, 2016.
185. Zelinka, M.; Marvan, P. Zur Präzisierung der
186. biologischen Klassifikation des Rheinheit
187. f
188. liessender Gewässer. Arch. Hydrobiol., v. 57,
189. p. 389-407, 1961.