Assessment of powders of Alstonia boonei (De wild) and Acalypha godseffienna (Muell Arg.) as protectants of rice grains against infestation by Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Resumen

In this study, the mothcidal efficacy of powders of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) stem bark and Acalypha godseffienna (Muell Arg.) leaf part was investigated at ambient temperature (28 ± 3 °C) and relative humidity (75% ± 6%). Adult Sitotroga cerealella were exposed to both botanical powders using contact toxicity test at 1-5 g/20 g of paddy rice and mortality was assessed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-treatment, respectively. The control experiment was also set-up for each botanical. Generally, both botanical powders significantly (P < 0.05) evoked higher moth mortality when compared to control. But, none of both plant powders elicit complete moth mortality (100%) at all the experimental dosage and exposure time. Lower dosage of A. boonei was however required to achieve 50% (24 h: 0.672; 72 h: 0.006) mortality in S. cerealella when compared to that of A. godseffienna (24 h: 1.546; 72 h: 0.238). Also, A. boonei at all experimental dosage significantly reduced (P < 0.05) emergence of S. cerealella when compared to control while A. godseffiana applied only at 2-5 g/20 g of paddy rice significantly reduced (P < 0.05) adult emergence when compared to control. The effect of A. boonei on the percentage inhibition rate of S. cerealella was significant (F4,15 = 6.69; P = 0.003) while that of A. godseffiana was not significant (F4,15 = 1.65; P = 0.213). It could therefore be concluded that powders of both botanicals could serve as a suitable wherewithal to most synthetic insecticides for the protection of rice grains from infestation by S. cerealella.

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